Wellbutrin, also known by its scientific name Bupropion, is a very popular antidepressant. It inhibits the reuptake of both dopamine and norepinephrine. If you have never used Wellbutrin before, you need to familiarize yourself with the drug interactions and the side effects associated with it.
Wellbutrin is metabolized by the liver. In lab experiments performed with rats, the drug was found to cause hepatocellular hypertrophy when administed in high doses (hypertrophy is an increase in the size of the cells). Common side effects include agitation, dizziness, hypertension, dry mouth, tremors, anxiety, loss of appetite, headache, excessive sweating, increased risk of seizure, and insomnia.
Although with the recommended dosing of the drug the probability that a seizure will occur is extremely small, patients using it should still be screened for any health factors that could contribute to or increase the likelihood of a seizure. A doctor may also review other prescriptions the patient might be taking and recommend an appropriate dosage based on that information.
Also, suicidal thoughts and attempts have been reported in children and adolescents. Bupropion has been shown to increase the incidence of suicidal thoughts amongst children and adolescents. When treating major depression in this group of patients, clinical benefits should be weighed carefully against the potential hazards. Usually, Bupropion is not intended for patients under the age of 18.
Another potential side effect is an improvement in sexual function. Bupropion, unlike serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as Prozac, does not appear to reduce the libido of the patient, and more frequently enhances sexual desire. Patients who complain of an impairment in their sex drive as a result of their SSRI have sometimes been prescribed small doses of Wellbutrin to correct it.
One controversy associated with Bupropion is its propensity to lower the seizure threshold. In combination with other medicines, it has been suspected to cause seizures in some patients who have never had a seizure before.[12] While this is not common, an increase in the number of such cases around the globe probably merits further discussion and investigation.
It is not uncommon for patients to receive treatment with other antidepressant prescriptions in combination with Wellbutrin. For this reason, a doctor should be careful when prescribing it with other medications prone to lowering the seizure threshold. Bupropion has also been known to produce seizures in combination with non-illegal drugs such as cocaine and recreational drugs such as alcohol.
I hope you have found this information helpful. Be sure to disclose to your physician any other drugs you might be taking before requesting a prescrtiption for Wellbutrin. Although some of the side effects and drug interactions we have covered are rare, they can happen unexpectedly to even the most healthy individuals.
Jim Pretin is the owner of http://www.forms4free.com, a service that helps programmers make an HTML form
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It might not be that obvious, but even in desert climates such as parts of Arizona, California, Nevada, and etcetera mold can be a real problem. One of the most deadly (and most difficult to pronounce) molds lives in the desert areas of the southwestern United States called Coccidioidomycosis immitis. It is also known by the common name of Valley Fever. This causes a skin disease that can be fatal if left untreated. While this mold is present in the Southwestern United States and Mexico, this mold is not present in the deserts of Asia and Africa.
Another reason that mold can be a big problem in desert areas is that people also tend to use what are called swamp coolers to cool their homes and businesses off during the hottest parts of the year. This drives indoor humidity sky high and along with it comes the mold growth that you really do not want inside your building. Leaks are also common occurrences in the water pipes that flow up to the rooftop coolers, which causes water to leak in the ceilings, attics, and walls.
A third reason is that the high heat of the desert can cause the deterioration of roofs and the siding to occur more quickly than in other environments. Water leaking into the house through holes in the roof or the siding on the side of the house will allow mold to begin growing. Do your best if you live in a desert climate to watch for these leaks, since your property is particularly at risk for this kind of damage.
Since water and air conditioning are so important in these areas, the possibility of plumbing and air conditioning condensation leaks is pretty high. The best thing that you can do to prevent air conditioning condensation is to wrap any pipes in insulation so the water does not collect.
Unfortunately, most people do not think that these climates have enough moisture for mold to be a problem, but as said, this is a fairly large misconception. The same techniques used in other environments to combat mold contamination of the home should also be used in desert climates. The majority of mold claims in desert areas are a result of water damage, but mold can also be caused by defects in the construction of a home and sometimes general maintenance issues of the property.
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In the deserts of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and different parts of South America exists a particularly nasty variety of mold that can cause an extremely serious skin disease. This is Coccidioides immitis and if left untreated, it can turn fatal.
Coccidioidomycosis (or Valley Fever) is caused by inhaling the spores of C. immitis. The clinical features of this disease (when there are any symptoms at all) usually include rashes, headaches, coughing, fever, and myalgia.
Myalgia is another name for muscle pain and this can be the cause of many different disorders and diseases. The most frequent cause of this is the extensive use of a certain muscle or a set of muscles.
If the patient does not have a history of accidents, then it is probably due to a viral or a bacterial infection. If it is a long term symptom, then it could be a symptom of some kind of nutritional deficiency.
One of the most common causes of the inhalation of the C. immitis spores is the disturbance of contaminated, dusty soil.
This can be due to either a person exposing themselves to the soil while in the process of work, recreation, or as a result of a natural disaster such as an earthquake or a dust storm. The states where the disease is known to be endemic are California, Arizona, and New Mexico.
The incidence of this disease in the year 1995 in Arizona was 15 infections per 100,000 people.
Those at risk for this disease are those who work in areas where the disease is endemic and do work that exposes them to contaminated dust and soil, which are construction workers, archeologists, or any kind of agricultural worker.
Pregnant women that are in their third trimester, Asians, African Americans, and anyone who has a weakened immune system are also particularly at risk to contract this disease.
Some people who contract this disease do not recover and this can bring on chronic pulmonary infection or even a disseminated infection that can be located all over the body.
If not treated or a person with HIV or AIDs does not recover completely from this disease, severe pulmonary disease may surface.
In 2001, a group of archeologists who had been working at a dig in Utah developed the disease within about two weeks of being exposed to the contaminated soil. Since then, there has been a new regulation put into place requiring the watering of the soil before digging can begin and for the use of breathing masks.
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If you hear of an illness that ends in mycosis, it was probably caused by a mold. Those who are particularly at risk to contract this class of diseases are those with compromised immune systems and this often occurs in people who have a cancer of the blood, chemotherapy patients, those with HIV or AIDs, anyone with serious blood disorders.
Even those these diseases are far more likely to affect those with compromised immune systems, they can develop after a person has surgery or any other invasive procedure. It can also be transmitted by contaminated surgical instruments.
Generally the first symptoms of these mycotic diseases are those that are similar to the flu, such as chills, coughing, pain in the muscles and the joints, and fever.
Medications that are antifungal can cause some of these symptoms, as well, even though the fungal infection that it is intended to treat cause these exact same symptoms.
These drugs can also cause kidney damage and end up affecting the eyes, skin, or liver and a doctor will probably ask for labwork often in order to catch some of these serious side effects before they become out of control.
Some of the diseases that can be caught from a mold are histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, candidiasis, blastomycosis, and aspergillosis. These are serious fungal diseases and should be treated as such.
Aspergillosis is caused by molds in the Aspergillus genus and tends to be found in many places including buildings, plants, food, water, and soil.
Blastomycosis is caused by Blastomyces and is found soils that are rich in nutrients and very moist. It has been known to affect both animals and humans.
Candidiasis is caused from the mold Candida and can cause mouth infections or genital yeast infections, but it is even more serious when it ends up invading the bloodstream. Candida is found in the intestines naturally, however.
Coccidioidomycosis is caused by the mold coccidioides and this is found most often in the dry soil in the southwestern United States, and central and South America. It starts as a flu-like disease, but can infect the lungs and infect the other organs in the body, including the brain.
Cryptococcosis is caused by Cryptococcus and associated the most with Eucalyptus trees and bird droppings. It typically begins in the lungs, but has no symptoms until it spreads to the rest of the body.
Histoplasmosis is caused by Histoplasma and tends to infect the lungs. Like other fungal infections, it includes flu-like symptoms and can spread to the rest of the body.
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Most people love a beautiful blanket of snow on their lawn during the wintertime, but they are not aware of the fact that there can be a very unwelcome visitor lurking underneath that snow. The worst thing is, they probably will not know about it until the snow is already melted and the disease has done its damage.
Snow mold typically becomes a problem when the blanket of snow does not melt for a long period of time. The mold begins to grow when a thick, wet blanket of snow falls on ground that is not frozen.
The symptoms of snow mold generally consist of circular patches of dead grass that are usually 3 to 12 inches in diameter. In extreme cases, you might not be able to tell that these patches are circles at all because most of the grass has died. Pink snow mold, caused by Microdochium nivale, can look white initially and when it matures, it turns from a pale pink to a deep salmon-like color. Gray snow mold, caused by species in the genus Typhula, is anywhere from gray to white in color. It is a good idea to determine whether you are dealing with gray or pink snow mold, because gray snow mold does not tend to damage more than just the blades of the grass. Pink snow mold can completely kill the roots if it is left untreated.
Snow molds are usually active around temperatures just above freezing in somewhat wet conditions. It can grow not only when snow covers a lawn, but also when autumn leaves cover it for a long period of time, as well. Any kind of grass can be affected by this disease, but it has been noted that Kentucky bluegrass lawns are some of the least likely to suffer severe damage.
If you want to prevent snow mold from growing on your lawn, one of the best things that you can do is take care of it around the end of summer. As long as the grass keeps growing, you should keep having it mowed. If you apply any fertilizers to your lawn during the fall, you should apply them over six weeks before you expect the grass to stop growing. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be used around the time the grass stops growing or it will cause a burst of growth and give the mold more to feed on while the snow is on top of it.
Jim Corkern is a writer and promoter of quality
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So many people in the world suffer from allergies that it is often hard to completely get away from them, no matter what kind of medications you might be prescribed by your physician.
Most allergy symptoms can be seen from spring to the late fall because the majority of allergies can be attributed to grasses, pollens, and different kinds of mold. Most grasses, flowers, and molds cannot grow during the winter time.
Even though some types of mold can withstand cold temperatures, most cannot continue to live in temperatures that are below freezing, though they can lie dormant for quite a long time. If they are allowed to thaw, they can be just as live and dangerous as before they were frozen.
Unfortunately, not all places in the world are touched by freezing temperatures and so mold often grows year round, affecting not only the allergies, but also the general health of the people who live in a building infected by it.
The allergy symptoms caused by mold can be anything from sneezing to runny noses to skin rashes. Perennial allergic rhinitis can also be brought about by the presence of mold, however mold usually causes allergy symptoms only when it is present in a fairly high amount.
Mold allergy symptoms are often made worse by the consumption of any kind of food that has been made with a fungus such as mushrooms or even foods like bread and beer. Cheese made with mold, particularly bleu cheese, can also bring about the occurrence of these symptoms.
Compared to the number of species of mold on the planet, there are not too many kinds of it that are highly allergenic, but there are a few dozen. Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Penicillium are three kinds of molds that tend to cause many allergic reactions. Penicillium is the only genus that has both a medicine and a disease named after it, however.
If you have allergies, something that you probably do on a regular basis is watch for the grass, pollen, and mold spore counts that appear on the news every day.
These are important to pay attention to because if you are elderly or have a small child who is allergic, going out into a day when there is a high count of anything you may be allergic to could be either an irritating day or end up aggravating your allergy until you need to go to the hospital. Severe allergic reactions are rare, but they can happen.
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No matter whether you are a landlord, tenant, homeowner, or an employer, there are some general facts about mold that everyone should be aware of.
Everyone knows that exposure to mold can be a very dangerous thing, but not everyone knows the most important things about it that can be the difference between a mold infested home, a lot of lost money, bad health and a healthy, happy home.
One of the most important things that you should realize is the fact that no matter what you do, you cannot remove all of the mold from your home.
Mold has existed for millions of years and will continue to exist for millions more; you cannot completely stamp it out from where you live or work because it is truly everywhere. The only thing that you can do is stop it from taking root in your home and becoming a nuisance.
Make sure that the ground at the base of your home slopes away from it so water flows away from the foundation. Water that is allowed to settle at the foundation will seep inside the home and allow mold to begin to grow.
Pay attention to the mold warnings that you see on the news sometimes. If you are elderly or have small children, especially those with asthma or other respiratory conditions, you should not go outside if the spore count is high.
In order to discover just what kind of mold you are dealing with in your home, you need to have a mold laboratory test the mold that you have sampled into a do-it-yourself mold kit. Only they can tell you just what kind of mold you are dealing with and whether or not it is dangerous.
Something important to remember is that mold is not always visible and does not really need standing water in order to grow. Actually, most kinds of mold do not need any more than the condensation that can form on the cold pipes in your basement or on your windows. It requires only some high amounts of humidity, food, and warmth.
Lastly, if you move into a home or an apartment and mold exists on the property, you should understand that it is not your responsibility to have the mold removed, it is the owner’s simply because if you choose to move out, the mold will still be there.
Jim Corkern is a writer and promoter of quality
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Want to learn about a procedure that can give you the perfect strawberry mouth of Angelina Jolie or the full and spouty smile of Marline Monroe or the perfect crescent of the lips of Tom Cruise? If you happen to be one of those hundreds and thousands of patients who feel there is something very much wrong with their lips and want a suitable correction, you can consider a lip augmentation surgery.
What lip augmentation can do for you?
The definition of beauty changes with time; thinner but perfectly curved lips were in the height of the fashion when Ingrid Bergmans or Audrey Hepburns ruled the stage. Now is the age of fuller and plumper lips and a lip augmentation cosmetic surgery can help you get the lovely lips of your dream. The fine lines or wrinkles around the lips can also be treated with this cosmetic procedure.
How it is done?
Lip augmentation surgery aims at revising the shape of your lips; as such it has to correct the thinness or thickness of the lips. Depending on the expected results, the procedure may involve surgery or injection therapy.
In order to correct the over thickness of the lips, your doctor may recommend a surgical removal of excess tissue through the incisions made inside of the lips. Excess mucous membrane as well as deeper glandular and soft tissues are also removed to relief the lips from excessive thickness.
When on the other hand, you want a longer and fuller upper lip, a lip-lift surgery is used to bring that look. This involves making an incision at the base of the nose right above the line of upper lip. Layers of skin are removed from the areas beneath the nose. This removal results in elevation of the lip. The incision is closed with absorbable suture so that you no more find the scar after healing.
When injection is the option for enlargement of your lips, a natural or synthetic biocompatible material is injected into patient’s lips. Most of the time it is patient’s own fat tissues harvested from other parts of the body that is injected or implanted in the lips.
Sometimes, very small drops of medical grade liquid silicone are injected into the lips that eventually trigger off the production of collagen cycle. This collagen formation results into added fullness of the lips.
In most of the cases, the procedure is done on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia and it can take nearly two hours, depending on the complexity involved. However, the patients can return home the same day.
You will get permanent result from surgery, whereas the injection methods will give you only a temporary effect. However, if you are in a mood to experiment a bit with your appearance, but do not want a permanent change; you can try injection, which will bring your lips to the previous shape within two or three months.
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Those Hollywood stars—those Catherine zeta Joneses and Madonnas and Cindy Crawfords—-they never cease to astonish me with their fabulous bodies and ravishing good looks even after childbirth. While motherhood brings immense joy and happiness for any woman, the physical changes following pregnancy and child birth are not welcome at all. Yet, the common women of our mother’s generations had to put up with their cosmetic woes which they were rather used to take for granted. But today’s women do not have to; today there are a range of exciting plastic surgery options to give you back the flawless figure you used to be so proud of!
Benefits
Why these postpartum cosmetic procedures seem to be so exciting? Because they come with a host of benefits—in addition of help you regain your pre-pregnancy form or even better than that, they are characterized by simple procedures and quick recovery, allowing you in most of the cases to return home the same day of the operation. Thus it neither requires another break from your work place nor parting with your new born for long days. These procedures help you enjoy your motherhood in a relaxed manner.
Here are your options of postpartum cosmetic procedures:
Breast Lifting (Mastopexy)
Due to increase in the numbers of milk glands, the breasts expand in size during pregnancy and after childbirth, as you go on breastfeeding, the milk glands gradually shrink, and fat tissues are also lost causing a sagging of breast. To get back the previous toned look, you can take help of this outpatient procedure called “mastopexy” that reduces sagging by removing excess skin. After the skins on the lower half of the breasts are tightened, the breasts get a lift and starts looking firmer.
Abdominoplasty or Lipectomy
Your abdomen becomes the home of your baby for nine months and the sign of this habitation stays there in your abdomen for life long. Not only most women get a tummy after child birth, the abdominal skin also starts sagging and there appear these ungainly stretch marks and other scratch marks. The procedure of Lipectomy can help you get rid of the excess skin that lies below your navel, giving your abdomen a flat and toned look and in the process the stretch marks and scars also disappear. However, if you have only a small amount of excess skin, a mini-lipectomy can do for you.
Stomach Tightening for Muscle Bulges
The stomach muscles are often separated from an expanded uterus and many women find it difficult to reconnect them despite rigorous exercise. But, this condition can be repaired with surgery that is usually covered by health insurance.
Liposuction
New mothers commonly complain of their inability of losing fats from certain areas of their bodies such as thighs, buttocks and upper arms. These localized fat deposits can be removed by an outpatient procedure called liposuction. However, for removing larger amounts of fat, you will need ultrasonic liposuction.
Labioplasty
Labia in the vaginal area get badly damaged during a normal delivery. This damage can be repaired by a labioplasty which can be performed on outpatient basis under local or general anesthetic taking only a few days recovery time.
Nothing gives you more pleasure than having a baby. The post partum cosmetic procedures enable you to doubly enjoy motherhood without bothering about the obvious physical damages followed by childbirth.
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There are many women who severely lack self esteem in the absence of fully grown beautifully curved breast. For these women undergoing a breast augmentation procedure is rather necessity than choice and most of them have confessed that a breast augmentation has brought significant changes in their lives.
Breast implants are used in the breast augmentation procedure for a fuller and enhanced beauty of the feminine breasts. The implants are used to repair the flaws of sagging breasts and to adjust the shape of the breasts. The breast implants—especially the silicone-gel-filled ones—-used in the breast augmentation procedures have always attracted fair share of media attention. They have faced both positive and negative publicities from time to time.
So what was the controversy all about? At one point of time, FDA was not ready to accept the use of silicone implants with the belief that they were susceptible to leakage which could be fatal for overall health. Some women with silicon implants and complained of chronic low-grade fever, fatigue and joint pain —-all of the disorders were attributed to their implants. This raised alarm among certain section of medical practitioners about a possible connection between silicone leaking into the body and the disorders such as scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis. However, till then the saline implants were the only approved implants available in the United Sates are. It was based on the logic that saline is a natural product already found in the body and leakage of this substance will not possibly cause any health problem.
Now this decision was not welcomed by the patients as well as the surgeons who believed silicon implants resembled the natural breast tissues more than any other products. This forced FDA take up years long research and the outcome of research is:
FDA has now make silicone implants legal, and more women are opting for this implant with a more original look and feel.
The FDA concluded on the basis of its research that silicone-gel-filled implants would continue to be available. But the doctors were asked to use them only where saline-filled implants were not an option. This is the reason, why many cosmetic surgeons will recommend saline-filled implant over a silicon implant.
FDA has legalized the use of silicon implants only after stipulating a strict set of criteria. Patients using silicone-gel-filled implants are required to participate in a study designed to monitor their health for five years or more after surgery.
The other regulations relating to silicone breast implants as stipulated by the FDA are:
1.Replacement or revision of saline implants
2.Tuberous breast deformity
3.Congenital breast reconstruction
4.Breast augmentation to the opposite breast for symmetry
5.Augmentation with a breast lift (mastopexy)
6.Severe asymmetries of the breast
7.Breast cancer reconstruction
There are some other points to remember: the women below eighteen years of age are not entitled to get breast implant, the women having certain medical conditions or diseases that may affect wound healing also do not qualify for getting breast implants.
Before taking the decision you must be aware of the fact that breast augmentation procedure is not permanent. You may need to undergo one more surgery in about 10 years. There is no ground rules for the maximum duration of implants, but there are evidences that they sometime leak or rupture. In that case, you will need to have another procedure, either to remove or replace your implants.
Most importantly, if you are considering silicon implants, you must have discussion with your plastic surgeon about the possible side effects and expected result of the surgery. Also surf the internet to get information from various consumer groups and join the forums to connect to the women who have already had the surgery. Also study carefully the printed information that comes in the implant package.
Breast reconstruction with implants has become a very popular cosmetic procedure for millions of women of varying age group. Most of the women undergoing this surgery have reported their satisfaction and on the whole use of implants seems to be safe for health. Even then, keep the above mentioned safety guidelines in mind as added precaution and for best result and maximum satisfaction.
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